Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Adrenal incidentalomas are asymptomatic adrenal masses found accidentally during routine examination, not intended for adrenal pathology evaluation. The functionality of these lesions must be further investigated. Rarely, bilateral adrenal nodular hyperplasia can be detected in a patient with Cushing’s disease. The authors present the case of a patient with possible autonomous cortisol secretion of adrenal origin that eventually emerged as Cushing’s dis...

Introduction: Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare embryonic developmental defect that occurs during the thyroid transition from its initial position in the floor of the primitive bowel to a pre-tracheal location. This defect has a prevalence in the general population of 0.3–1/100,000 inhabitants, increasing to 0.5–1/4,000 patients with thyroid pathology. It is more common in women and can be diagnosed at any age, with diagnosis being more common in young individuals.</p...

Introduction: Non-islet cell tumor induced hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a paraneoplastic phenomenon involving many types of tumors. It is associated with the secretion of incompletely processed precursors of IGF-2 resulting in a persistent insulin-like activity and hypoglycemia. Most commonly, IGF-2–linked hypoglycemia has been observed in patients with solid mesenchymal or epithelial tumors. Typically, elevated IGF-2 levels are associated with suppressed plasma levels of insu...

Introduction: Ophthalmopathy and dermatopathy are the most frequent manifestations of Graves Disease (GD). It is also known the relation between GD and other autoimmune diseases like myasthenia gravis. Thymus hyperplasia in GD is already documented on literature but it’s mechanism is not well understood. There are two possible explanations, one related to thyrotrophin receptors stimulation present on thymus, and other related to tissue stimulation due to generalized hyper...

The chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (cGnRH-R) is notable for having a cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal tail, which is not present in the mammalian GnRH-Rs. We have previously shown that the cGnRH-R undergoes rapid agonist-induced internalization, and requires the carboxyl-terminal tail for this process. To investigate the role of the carboxyl-terminal tail of the cGnRH-R in relation to its rapid internalization, and to identify the key residues involved, a series ...

*These authors contributed equally to this workIntroductionThe prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically worldwide in the last three decades. Due to this obesity pandemic, a growing demand for weight-loss drugs has emerged. The increased use of these drugs has consequently lead to an increase in the report of adverse reactions.Case reportA 45-year-old woman with past medical history ...

Introduction: Graves Disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease, in which CD4+ Th2 cells secrete interleucin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 and activate antibody production. IL-4 has been considered a therapeutic target for treatment of immune-related diseases, by enhancing and redirecting T and B cell function. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody, inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 and is currently used for treatment of atopic dermatitis, nasal polyposis and asthma. There is a single case report of painless...

Introduction: Hypocalcemia is a possible complication of thyroid surgery, usually assumed in the context of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. On the other hand, Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS) is a complication classically described after surgical correction of primary hyperparathyroidism. It is characterized by hypocalcemia with normal or elevated PTH values (usually accompanied by hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia) and occurs consequently to a compensatory bone formation after a p...

Introduction: Screening for gestational diabetes (GD) in the first trimester using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥92 mg/dl is routinely performed in several countries. However, evidence on the benefits and harms of early universal screening, as well as the optimal cut-off of FPG, is conflicting. This results in lack of standardised screening and treatment approaches for GD worldwide.Aims: o compare the use of pharmacological treatment and pregnancy ...

Introduction: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare tumour. Mostly sporadic, 25% are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2A/B) or isolated familial MTC. Surgery is the only curative option: its response is defined as complete (no evidence of biochemical or structural disease), incomplete (only structural response) and persistence of structural disease. We aimed to analyse the clinical and pathological factors associated with the prognosis of MTC.<p class="a...